The Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) (Third Amendment) Rules, 2026, notified on 12 June 2026, represent a significant development in India's foreign investment regulatory framework. While the Amendment seeks to liberalize certain investment channels by expanding the category of eligible foreign investors, it simultaneously reinforces the government's ability to scrutinize investments involving ownership, control, or beneficial ownership with certain countrie

Independence Becomes a Legal Fiction I. Background: A Governance Question That Should Never Have Been Necessary Indian corporate governance has spent the better part of two decades trying to strengthen the institution of the independent director. Every major corporate scandal—from Satyam to governance controversies involving listed entities across sectors—has reinforced one central lesson: minority shareholders need credible voices in the boardroom that are insulated from the

beyond symbolism to genuine accountability and vigilance When Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Deputy Governor Swaminathan Janakiraman recently cautioned that governance lapses often lie at the root of financial failures, his warning echoed a pattern that India’s financial sector has witnessed repeatedly over the past decade. From infrastructure finance giants collapsing under opaque debt structures to banks failing due to concentrated lending and weak oversight, the common threa

Revenue recognition remains the single most significant fraud risk area identified by the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA). In its inspection and enforcement memoranda, NFRA has consistently observed that revenue misstatements rarely arise from technical errors, but from deliberate misuse of judgment, premature recognition, suppression of variable consideration, and management override of controls. NFRA has emphasised that Boards and Audit Committees carry a heig